class 12 english CBSE

  Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 6: "My Mother at Sixty-six" by Kamala Das Summary: for more chapter,click here The poem "My Mother at Sixty-six" by Kamala Das is an emotional reflection of the poet's feelings of concern and love for her aging mother. It captures a moment from the poet's life when she is driving her mother to the airport. The poem explores the themes of aging , separation , loss , and the passage of time . Poem Summary: The poem opens with Kamala Das describing a scene where she is driving her mother , who is now old and frail , to the airport. She looks at her mother, and the sight of her frailty makes the poet feel sad and anxious. Imagery of Aging : The poet describes her mother’s face as "ashen" and "pale," which suggests how the effects of aging are visible on her mother’s face. The comparison to a "dead body" or "ashen" emphasizes her frailty and the inevitability of aging. Fear

  Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 5: "Indigo" by Louis Fischer Summary: The chapter "Indigo" by Louis Fischer focuses on the Champaran Indigo Revolt (1917), where Mahatma Gandhi played a pivotal role in addressing the injustice faced by indigo farmers in the Champaran region of Bihar. The chapter explores Gandhi’s early involvement in India’s freedom movement and his first experiment with Satyagraha (non-violent resistance). Background: The story takes place in Champaran, a district in Bihar, during the British colonial period. The peasants in Champaran were being exploited by British indigo planters, who forced them to grow indigo on a portion of their land (known as the Tinkathia system), leaving them unable to grow food crops. They were also paid very low wages, and the planters used their power to maintain control over the farmers' livelihoods. Key Events: Indigo Cultivation and Exploitation: British planters in Champaran made poor Indian farmers gr

  Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 4 Summary: "The Rattrap" Author: Selma Lagerlöf In Chapter 4 of Flamingo , titled "The Rattrap" , Selma Lagerlöf presents a short story that explores themes of human kindness, the possibility of redemption, and the interplay between materialism and moral values. The story revolves around a peddler, his struggles with poverty, his temptation to steal, and an act of kindness that transforms his life. Summary: The protagonist of The Rattrap is a poor, wandering peddler who sells small goods like rags and leather items. He is described as a disheveled man, whose life has been reduced to living from hand to mouth. The peddler has a bleak and cynical view of the world, believing that all humans are selfish and motivated by greed. He compares life to a rattrap, where people are like rats lured into traps by material temptations, only to be caught in the end. While traveling through the forest one cold evening, the peddler comes

  Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 3 Summary: "Deep Water" Author: William Douglas In Chapter 3 of Flamingo titled "Deep Water," the author, William Douglas, shares his personal experience of overcoming his fear of water. The narrative revolves around the traumatic incident from his childhood when he nearly drowned, which left him with a lifelong fear of water. Later, he describes how he eventually conquered this fear and learned to swim, offering a powerful lesson on overcoming one's fears. Summary: William Douglas begins by recalling his childhood fear of water. As a young boy, he had an intense fear of swimming, which was exacerbated by a near-drowning incident. His family lived in a place where lakes and rivers were part of the landscape, but he was too afraid to venture near them. He had no formal training in swimming, and his fear was only deepened by the intimidating image of large bodies of water. One summer, when he was about 11 years old, he

  Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 2 Summary: "Lost Spring" Author: Anees Jung In Chapter 2 of Flamingo titled "Lost Spring," the author explores the harsh realities faced by underprivileged children, particularly focusing on the lives of street children who are forced to work for a living instead of attending school. The chapter is divided into two parts, each focusing on a different child and their struggles. Part 1: The Story of Sahib and the Ragpickers The first part of the chapter introduces a boy named Sahib-e-alam who is forced to work as a ragpicker. He scavenges in the streets of Old Delhi, collecting discarded items, including paper, plastic, and glass, which can be sold to earn a meager income. The ragpickers, including Sahib, work in the garbage heaps without any protective gear, and this exposes them to health hazards like infections, diseases, and injuries. They often go hungry and live in extremely poor conditions. The children like S

  Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 1: "The Last Lesson" - Summary Author: Alphonse Daudet Summary: “The Last Lesson” is a touching short story by Alphonse Daudet, set during the time of the Franco-Prussian War, which focuses on themes of patriotism, the love for one's language and culture, and the impact of political changes on everyday life. The story is narrated by a young boy named Franz who is a student in a French village in Alsace-Lorraine , a region that has been annexed by Germany following the defeat of France in the war. Plot Overview: The story begins with Franz, a schoolboy, who is dreading going to school because he has not prepared for the lesson on French grammar . He is also nervous about his teacher, M. Hamel , who is known for being strict. As he walks to school, Franz notices that the village is unusually quiet, and there is a sense of seriousness in the air. When Franz arrives at school, he finds that the usual noise and commotion are absent.